@article{Hughen2009a,
  title = {The Efficiency of International Information Flow: {{Evidence}} from the {{ETF}} and {{CEF}} Prices},
  author = {Hughen, J. Christopher and Mathew, Prem G.},
  year = 2009,
  journal = {International Review of Financial Analysis},
  volume = {18},
  number = {1-2},
  pages = {40--49},
  issn = {10575219},
  abstract = {While similar in their trading and organization, closed-end funds (CEFs) and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) differ in their liquidity and ease of arbitrage. We compare their price transmission dynamics using a sample of funds that invest in foreign securities and are most likely to show the deficiencies in the manner in which they process information. Our analysis shows that ETF returns are more closely related to their portfolio returns than are CEF returns. However, both fund types underreact to portfolio returns but overreact to domestic stock market returns. A simple trading strategy using these results is profitable with roundtrip trading costs less than 1.38\% for CEFs and 0.71\% for ETFs.},
  keywords = {Closed-end country funds,Exchange-traded funds,International market integration,Market efficiency}
}