@article{Hughen2003a,
  title = {How {{Effective Is Arbitrage}} of {{Foreign Stocks}}? {{The Case}} of the {{Malaysia Exchange-Traded Fund}}},
  author = {Hughen, J. Christopher},
  year = 2003,
  journal = {Multinational Business Review},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {17--28},
  issn = {1525-383X},
  abstract = {Unlike closed-end country funds that usually trade at large premiums to the values of their portfolios, exchange-traded funds facilitate arbitrage to prevent their prices from deviating from their underlying values. However, such arbitrage can involve significant transaction costs, which have caused some to question the ability of their arbitrage to reduce premiums. This study examines the premiums on the iShares Malaysia Fund, which is the only exchange-traded fund that has experienced and extended suspension of arbitrage. The results illustrate the importance of arbitrage in providing the full benefits of international diversification associated with exchange-traded funds that invest in foreign securities.}
}